Which physical factors are involved in determining the aspect ratio of airplane wings?

The aspect ratio of an airplane wing is a critical aerodynamic parameter which is calculated by comparing the wingspan to the average chord length. The wingspan is the distance from tip to tip of the wing, while the chord length is the width of the wing at its widest part, measured from the leading edge to the trailing edge. By defining the aspect ratio as the wingspan squared divided by the wing area, which is calculated as the wingspan times the average chord, it becomes evident that span and chord are essential factors in determining this significant measurement.

In aerodynamic design, a higher aspect ratio is typically associated with increased efficiency and lift-to-drag ratios, making understanding these dimensions vital for engineers. Factors such as area and weight, while important in overall wing design and performance, do not directly measure the relationship you're looking for in aspect ratio calculations. Hence, span and chord form the correct basis for determining the aspect ratio of airplane wings.