Which component contributes to elevator control in aircraft?

The elevator is the primary component responsible for controlling an aircraft's pitch, which directly affects its altitude and angle of ascent or descent. Located on the tail of the aircraft, the elevators work by moving up or down to change the airflow over the tail section, thus creating a change in aerodynamic force that either raises or lowers the nose of the aircraft. When the elevator deflects upwards, it decreases the lift on the tail and increases the angle of attack of the wings, causing the aircraft to ascend. Conversely, when the elevator moves downwards, it increases lift on the tail, resulting in a descent.

The other components mentioned play different roles in aircraft control. Ailerons, located on the wings, manage roll movements, while the rudder, situated on the vertical stabilizer, controls yaw. Flaps, found on the wings, increase lift during takeoff and landing but do not contribute to pitch control. Therefore, the elevator is uniquely designed to influence the aircraft's longitudinal stability and control, making it the correct answer.