What is an "aft CG" and how does it affect aircraft performance?

The concept of an "aft center of gravity" (CG) refers to the positioning of the aircraft's center of gravity towards the rear of the airframe. When the CG is located at the aft limit, it significantly influences the aircraft's dynamics, particularly its stability and control.

Having an aft CG can lead to a reduction in stability and control effectiveness because it shifts the balance point of the aircraft further back. This can result in a tendency for the aircraft to become more sensitive to pitch changes. The response to control inputs may become less predictable, making it more challenging for the pilot to maintain stable flight attitudes, especially during maneuvers or turbulence. Consequently, this can result in a higher risk of stalling at lower angles of attack.

In terms of performance implications, while an aft CG might seem to enhance certain aspects like maneuverability, the trade-off with stability is a crucial factor that pilots must consider for safe operation. Therefore, it's essential to adhere to the specified CG limits for the particular aircraft type to ensure optimal handling and safety during flight.